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Lecture 13

Table of Contents

  1. Tectonics and Surface Relief
  2. Why study surface relief?
  3. Why study surface relief?
  4. Why study surface relief?
  5. Why study surface relief?
  6. Why study surface relief?
  7. Why study surface relief?
  8. Why study surface relief?
  9. Why study surface relief?
  10. Above and Below sea level
  11. 13.1 Why are continents high and oceans low?
  12. 13.1 Why are continents high and oceans low?
  13. 13.1 Why are continents high and oceans low?
  14. 13.1 Why are continents high and oceans low?
  15. 13.1 Why are continents high and oceans low?
  16. 13.1 Why are continents high and oceans low?
  17. 13.1 Why are continents high and oceans low?
  18. 13.1 Why are continents high and oceans low?
  19. 13.2 How do we know ... that mountains have roots?
  20. 13.2 How do we know ... that mountains have roots?
  21. 13.2 How do we know ... that mountains have roots?
  22. 13.2 How do we know ... that mountains have roots?
  23. 13.3 How does isostasy relate to active geologic processes?
  24. 13.3 How does isostasy relate to active geologic processes?
  25. 13.3 How does isostasy relate to active geologic processes?
  26. 13.3 How does isostasy relate to active geologic processes?
  27. 13.3 How does isostasy relate to active geologic processes?
  28. Glacial Isostasy
  29. 13.3 How does isostasy relate to active geologic processes?
  30. 13.3 How does isostasy relate to active geologic processes?
  31. 13.3 How does isostasy relate to active geologic processes?
  32. 13.3 How does isostasy relate to active geologic processes?
  33. 13.4 Why does sea level change?
  34. 13.4 Why does sea level change?
  35. 13.4 Why does sea level change?
  36. 13.4 Why does sea level change?
  37. 13.4 Why does sea level change?
  38. 13.4 Why does sea level change?
  39. 13.5 How and where do mountains form?
  40. 13.5 How and where do mountains form?
  41. 13.5 How and where do mountains form?
  42. 13.5 How and where do mountains form?
  43. 13.5 How and where do mountains form?
  44. 13.5 How and where do mountains form?
  45. 13.5 How and where do mountains form?
  46. 13.6 How does mountain building relate to the growth of continents?
  47. 13.6 How does mountain building relate to the growth of continents?
  48. Non-Subductable Crust
  49. Non-Subductable Crust 2
  50. 13.6 How does mountain building relate to the growth of continents?
  51. 13.6 How does mountain building relate to the growth of continents?
  52. 13.6 How does mountain building relate to the growth of continents?
  53. Provinces of North America
  54. 13.6 How does mountain building relate to the growth of continents?
  55. 13.6 How does mountain building relate to the growth of continents?
  56. 13.6 How does mountain building relate to the growth of continents?
  57. Island Arcs
  58. 13.6 How does mountain building relate to the growth of continents?

Text and Images from Slide

13.2 How do we know ... that mountains have roots?

Image of the earth and the north star also of a surveyor from the 1800s.

Fig 13.7

Surveyors in the 1800s used the angle made by sighting on the North Star and a plumb bob to determine latitude. The plumb bob was presumed to always point toward the center of Earth as the center of mass—a reasonable assumption. However, survey errors in northern India in the mid-1800s were of

concern. John Pratt, a British mathematician, hypothesized that the mass of the Himalaya Mountains was deflecting the plumb bob. However, the calculations, based on masses derived from elevations, did not agree with the deflections encountered.

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